Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Greenlawn Commercial Package Business free essay sample

So, eventhough some significant costs such as lease expense, service techs, fertilizer costs and overhead costs have decreased, the decrease in revenues due to the decrease in applications leave only a 1% contribution margin vs a 13% contribution in the before scenario. 3- Personal recommendation. It appears to me that the organization has already indicated that it wishes to back Amy Carter and the biological engineering and environment vision. Calling Amy the division’s thought leader. This new era project is a â€Å"hat trick† for the division and is the vision for Greenlawn’s future. If the organization loses revenue in the short term, when can they expect to breakeven with the current revenues of the ten million. The expectation is that revenues will decrease to six million, but will then be capable of growing the customer base, whereby replacing the revenue lost by changing to the advanced new generation of products that are easier to apply, have lower costs and more importantly environmentally friendly. We will write a custom essay sample on Greenlawn Commercial Package Business or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This environmentally friendly approach to Greenlawn’s business will keep the company at the cutting edge of technology in its field. Maintaining its status and reputation as the nation’s largest lawn-care and landscape-services company. I would recommend either keeping it the same as before with the revenues at ten million, or reducing the fertilizer costs and selling the new generation of products in order to gain more customers. If more customers are gained due to environmentally friendly process than the revenues and contribution margin will increase. Should the organization change, they can expect a short term reduction in revenue, with the likeliness of long term sustainability for generations to come.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Childhood Education for Inequality - MyAssignmenthelp.coma

Question: Discuss about theChildhood Education for Economics of Inequality. Answer: Education is important and should be the first priority given to children. The children have a future, which will demand for what they learned in the past. They are therefore supposed to be educated where else the parents give them support in whatever they need in education. Since education is the basis of knowledge, children should be encouraged to take education serious, more so their studies. This is because, a society that has educated people usually develop and grow at a higher rate. All in all, a country that has educated people is considered lucky, since the economy of that country becomes stable. Though brain drain has become the problem of many people, every country is struggling to ensure that the citizens are educated. Technology has been introduced, and has become part and parcel of the education system. Every other child should be introduced to technology, once they reach the school-going age. They should therefore be encouraged in as much as keeping to the track of stud ies is concerned. Childhood education is very important in our todays education curriculum. Childhood education is very important as mentors children as they grow and develop. It is also where a child is introduced to different subjects. Children understand well where there is inclusion of signs and arts (Roopnarine, and Johnson, 2013). Children should be given a chance to participate actively in their classes in all subjects. Childrens decisions are very important and therefore educators should respect them. Educators should teach their children ethical issues in their society and also in schools. Educators should not use corporal punishment to correct children when they wrong ( Kostelnik, Soderman, Whiren, 2011). They should rather advice the children on how they should go about it. Educators should teach children the code of behaviors to incorporate while in schools and also in the entire communities. Educators should ensure that children have a conducive environment which enables learning activities. Educators should ensure that children understand well, in all areas of study, hence ensures good grades in exams. As a teacher I believe thatthe familys role in providing quality care and education is to ensure that their children are taken to school at appropriate age, time and with all requirements necessary for studies. To ensure that their children tackle their homework early in advance and if possible to assist their children areas where they have been not quite clear of. Families should ensure good health to their children since a child is not able to study well when he or she is sick. I believe that it is the responsibility of family to ensure that their children get quality education which they deserve (Sylva, Melhuish, Sammons, Siraj-Blatchford and Taggart, 2010). It is the role of the family to ensure that their childrens fee is fully paid to ensure that their children are not send back home to collect their fee hence missing classes. The environment that the children live should be conducive for learning. For example, an environment where there is no peace and harmony is likely to interfere with the performance of the children (Reynolds, Temple, Ou, Arteaga and White, 2011). There is no way that a country where corruption, ethnicity, race and sex discrimination takes place can perform well. All children are the same, when they get to class, and have the right to be treated equally. Showing a child that people, can be discriminated is bad since that is a bad lesson. The children will end up growing up with the knowledge that all people are not the same, and they cannot therefore be treated equally. This is the reason as to why many children have grown up knowing that corruption is part and parcel of every country. A learning environment also needs to be quiet, and one that does not get noise pollution. There is no way a child can listen to a teacher, as an airplane lands in a nearby airport or airstrip. The children will automatically lose focus and finally fail to listen to the teachers; this may end up contributing to the failure of the children in their final exams (Morrison, (2013). In addition, those children who are not used to noise may end up becoming failures in the rest of their lives. Noise pollution interferes with the health of children. Too much noise damages the ear drum, and nay causes ill-health in the future, which may become a liability in the life of he student. In an environment where drug abuse is an issue, it becomes difficult to tell a child that taking tobacco is bad, when the father takes tobacco. To such children, the word abuse does not make sense, even when joined to the word tobacco (Wortham andHardin,2015). They keep on wondering what the side effects of taking drugs are, since they relate normally with their parents, friends and relatives who behave the same day after day. The children thereof find it hard to rebel what their parents tell them to do. That is when you find children running away from school to become drug traffickers. Children should therefore be part and parcel of developing education (Heckman, 2011). They show interest in education all the time, and try to push their parents to provide all the necessities in education. When children are performing well, there is no way a parent can interrupt them, or fail to pay their school fees. Since most of the countries have provided free education to all students, then every other child should take advantage of what the government does towards achieving their dreams. They should know that it is their responsibility to learn when they get to school, but not to joke around. Philosophy has encouraged me much, since it has opened up my mind widely. As far as childhood education is concerned, I have learned that children start learning from their parents. The parents are the first teachers, if not the guardians (Goffin, 2008). The children learn from them day after day, and practice whatever they see. The parents should therefore be careful on what they are doing. They should be aware that somebody is watching, and ready to practice whatever he or she can see. The future of children depends on who brings them up in their entire life. Bright mother will raise a bright child, as well as a focused mother. References Goffin, S. G. (2008).Curriculum models and early childhood education: Appraising the relationship. Prentice Hall. Heckman, J. J. (2011). The Economics of Inequality: The Value of Early Childhood Education.American Educator,35(1), 31. Kostelnik, M. J., Soderman, A. K., Whiren, A. P. (2011).Developmentally appropriate curriculum: Best practices in early childhood education. Prentice Hall. Morrison, G. S. (2013).Fundamentals of early childhood education. Pearson Higher Ed. Reynolds, A. J., Temple, J. A., Ou, S. R., Arteaga, I. A., White, B. A. (2011). School-based early childhood education and age-28 well-being: Effects by timing, dosage, and subgroups.Science,333(6040), 360-364. Roopnarine, J., Johnson, J. E. (2013).Approaches to early childhood education. Sylva, K., Melhuish, E., Sammons, P., Siraj-Blatchford, I., Taggart, B. (Eds.). (2010).Early childhood matters: Evidence from the effective pre-school and primary education project. Routledge. Wortham, S. C., Hardin, B. J. (2015).Assessment in early childhood education. Pearson Early childhood curriculum: Developmental bases for learning and teaching. Pearson College Division.

Saturday, April 18, 2020

Stock and Mexico City Essay Sample free essay sample

â€Å"I don’t want to hear your alibis. Just acquire those planes in the air. † john Vaz was shouting at his gate director. As caput of American Airlines’ operations at the Mexico City airdrome. Vaz has been systematically frustrated by the attitude displayed by his native employees. Transferred from Dallas to Mexico City merely three months ago. Vaz was holding trouble seting to Mexican manner of work. â€Å"Am I critical of these people? You bet I am! They don’t listen when I talk. They think things are merely all right and fight every alteration I suggest. And they have no grasp for the importance of maintaining on agenda. † If Vaz is critical of his Mexico City staff. it’s common. They universally dislike him. Here’s a few anon. remarks made about heir foreman: â€Å"He’s wholly insensitive to our demands. † â€Å"He thinks if he yells and screams that things will better. We will write a custom essay sample on Stock and Mexico City Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We don’t see it that manner. † â€Å"I’ve been working here for four old ages. Before he came here. this was a good topographic point to work. Not any longer. I’m invariably in fright of being chewed out. I feel stress all the clip. even at place. My hubby has started noticing on it a batch. † AN ISO 9001: 2000 CERTIFIED INTERNATIONAL B-SCHOOLVaz was brought in specifically to fasten up the Mexico City operation. High on his list of ends is bettering American’s on-time record in Mexico City. increasing productiveness. and bettering client service. When Vaz was asked if he thought he had any jobs with his staff. he replied. â€Å"Yep. We merely can’t seem to pass on. † Questions: 1. Does John Vaz have a communicating job? Explain.2. What suggestions. if any. would you do to John to assist him better his managerial effectivity?3. Ineffective communicating is the mistake of the transmitter. Make You hold or differ? Discuss.4. What can you make to better the likeliness that you r communicating will be received and understood as you intend. CASE –2 ( 20 Marks )The world of package development is a immense company like Microsoft-it employs more than 48. 000 people- is that a significant part of your work involves yearss of ennui punctuated by hours of boredom. You fundamentally pass your clip in an stray office composing codification and sitting in meetings during which you participate in looking for and measuring 100s of current employees and possible employees. Microsoft has no job in happening and retaining package coders. Their coders work for really long hours and Ob on the end of transporting merchandise. From the twenty-four hours new employees begin at Microsoft. they know they are particular. New hires all have one thing in common-they are smart. The company prides itself on seting all recruits through a grueling â€Å"interviewing loop† . during which they confront a bombardment ( an overpowering figure of inquiries or ailments ) of riddles by future co-workers to see how good they think. Merely t he best and the brightest survive to go employees. The company does this because microsofties genuinely believe that their company is particular. For illustration. it has high tolerance for non-conformity. would you believe that one package examiner comes to work everyday dressed in excessive Victorian outfits? . But the implicit in subject that unites Microsofties is the belief that the house has a manifest fate to alter the universe. The least of import determination as coder can hold a big importance which it can impact a new release that might be used by 50 million people. Microsoft employees are celebrated for seting in long hours. One plan Manager said â€Å"In my First Five Years. I was the Microsoft stereotype. I lived on caffeine and vending-machine beefburgers and free beer and 20-hour work-days†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦I had no life†¦ . . I considered everything outside the edifice as a necessary evil† . More late things have changed. There are still a figure of people who put in 80-hour hebdomads. but 60 and 70 hr hebdomads are more typical and some even are making their occupations in merely 40 hours. No treatment of the employee life at Microsoft would be complete without adverting the company’s moneymaking stock option plan. Microsoft created more millionaire employees. faster. than any company in American history-more than 10. 000 by the late – 1990’s while the company is surely more than a topographic point to acquire rich. executive still recognize that money affairs. One former Manager claims that the human resources’ section really kept a running chart of employee satisfaction versus the company’s stock monetary value. â€Å"When the stock was up. human resources could turn off the airing and everybody would state they were happy. When the stock was down. we could give people Massages and they would state us that the Massages were excessively difficult. † In the go-go 1990’s. when the Microsoft stock was duplicating every few months and annual stock splits were predictable. employees non merely got to take part in the Microso ft’s manifest fate. they would acquire rich in the procedure. By the spring of 2002. with the universe in a recession. stock monetary values down. and the growing for Microsoft merchandises decelerating. it wasn’t so clear what was driving its employees to go on the company’s laterality of the package industry. Questions: 1. If you were the coder. would you desire to work at Microsoft? Why or Why non? 2. How many activities in this instance can you bind into specific motive theories? List the activities ; list the motive theories. and how they apply. 3. As Microsoft continues to acquire larger and its growing rate flattens do you believe Management will hold to modify any of its motive patterns? Elaborate. 4. Can money act as a incentive? Explain. CASE-3 ( 20 Marks )Merlyn Monroe is non a whiner. If she has a major aching. she normally suffers in silence. Although her employer. Atlantic Mutual Insurance. has an employee aid program- to supply emotional and psychological support in the work program. She surely neer thinks of utilizing it. even if she did hold a concern on her head. â€Å"They say its confidential but who truly knows? Asked Ms. Monroe’ . an administrative helper at the insurance company. But Merlyn Monroe’s life changed on September 11. 2001. Her office at 140 Broadway in New York City. was near the universe trade Center. She watched the whole thing from her fiftieth Floor office window. Ms. Monroe had neer seen so much devastation in her life. She had neer seen such a hideous terrorist onslaught. Nor had she forced her to alleviate 9/11 over and over. Everything she talked to people they wanted inside informations. which made it worse for her. She had so much choler about what had happened to her life and lives of so many people and the metropolis where she worked for 40 Old ages. Two hebdomads after 9/11. Ms. Monroe was still enduring after effects. Even though she lives on province Island and Atlantic Mutual’s offices have been temporarily relocated to Madison. New Jersey. non an hr goes by when she doesn’t have flashbacks of her experiences of 9/11. Questions 1. What should Atlantic Mutual Management do. if anything. to get by with the aftereffects of 9/11?2. How long would You anticipate employees to be adversely affected by 9/11 if a company provides no formal aid for covering with choler and emphasis? 3. What. if anything. should Management make about employees who appear to be enduring from such sort or injury and emphasis. but will neither acknowledge it nor accept aid from their employee? 4. Sketch the function of HR specializer in supplying a safe and healthy environment for employees. CASE – 4 ( 20 Marks ) Patil. RK Materials. is really angry. dying and restless. He bumped into Mehta. RK Materials. threw the surrender missive on his tabular array. screamed and walked out of the room fleetly. Patil has a ground for his sudden effusion. Detailss of the narrative will state the grounds for patil’s choler and why he put his surrender. merely four months after he took up his occupation. In the twelvemonth 2000 Patil quit his esteemed Mittal works at Vishakhapatnam. As a director Materials. Patil had assorted powers like he could even put an order of stuffs deserving Rs. 50 Lakhs. He required nobody’s anterior consent. Patil Joined a pulp-making works located at Kerala. as RK Materials. The works is portion of a multi-product and multi-plant pudding stone owned by a esteemed concern house in India. The fringe benefit. repute and appellation of the pudding stone attracted Patil off from the populace sector steel monolith. When he joined the eucalyptus mush doing company. small did Patil recognize that he needed prior blessing to put an order for stuffs deserving Rs. 25lakh. He thought that he had the authorization to put an order for stuffs by himself deserving half the sum of what he used to as at the Mega Steel shaper. He placed the order. stuffs arrived. were received. accepted and used up in the works. Trouble started when the measure for Rs. 25 hundred thousand came from the seller. The histories section withheld the payment for the ground that the measure was non endorsed by Mehta. Mehta refused to subscribe on the measure as his blessing was non taken by Patil before puting the order. Patil felt really angry and cheated. A brief brush with Mehta merely made the state of affairs worse. Patil was impolitely told that he should hold known company regulations before embarking. He decided to Quit. Questions: 1. Make you believe the company has any orientation programme? If Yes. discourse its effectivity. 2. If employees were decently selected. there should be no demand for an orientation programme† . Remark on the statement. 3. If You were Patil. how would you respond to the above state of affairs? 4. Discourse the intent of orientation. What are assorted necessities of an effectual programme

Sunday, April 12, 2020

How to Use Admission Essay Samples to Make Your College Application Easier

How to Use Admission Essay Samples to Make Your College Application EasierThere are a wide variety of UW-Milwaukee admission essay samples that can help your make your work as easy as possible. However, these samples will not be a solution to all of your admissions problems.Many students who turn in their admission essays and questionnaires are confused about the content they submit. Most students do not realize they are entering an area where they must create an essay. It is because the essays will get filed for the grade report and you may be required to write more than one essay for multiple subjects.For students who do not understand the concept of an admission essay, they need to do some research on the subject. If you are not sure what an admission essay is, you need to start with the most basic definition, which is that a paper that is written to complete your college application. Since there are so many materials needed for admissions to colleges, students often feel that the y are trying to cram too much information into a single essay, but that is not the case.The essay samples provided by some college admissions consultants will help you decide what content is appropriate for your particular situation. Many times a student who has read too much into a particular subject and is stuck in a rut may want to skip over a specific section of the paper that is bogged down in a long list of details, rather than take a closer look at each and every topic and detail.To get a better idea of how the admissions consultants do it, go online and take a look at their samples. Often times, you will find that the essays include at least four different sections: research, critical thinking, communication, and assessment. Every applicant must complete some of the parts of the admission essay, but they should make sure that the parts are tied together in a logical manner.Every essay should contain specific information and facts that apply to your situation, and the admissi on essays come in handy for a number of reasons. Students who feel the need to have a lot of different essays are usually struggling to find a balance between different writing styles, but the admissions consultant helps them identify what is most important to them.Finally, the admissions essay is only one small piece of the puzzle that is required for college admissions. Having a good essay should not be too stressful for you, but it should be thorough and focused. After all, you are writing an admissions essay to earn a better grade, so if you get everything right, you should not have a problem getting accepted into your dream school.

Saturday, March 14, 2020

Medieval Christmas Traditions

Medieval Christmas Traditions Among the Pagan traditions that have become part of Christmas is burning the yule log. This custom springs from many different cultures, but in all of them, its significance seems to lie in the iul or wheel of the year. The Druids would bless a log and keep it burning for 12 days during the winter solstice; part of the log was kept for the following year when it would be used to light the new yule log. For the Vikings, the yule log was an integral part of their celebration of the solstice, the julfest; on the log, they would carve runes representing unwanted traits (such as ill fortune or poor honor) that they wanted the gods to take from them. Wassail comes from the Old English words waes hael, which means be well, be hale, or good health. A strong, hot drink (usually a mixture of ale, honey, and spices) would be put in a large bowl, and the host would lift it and greet his companions with waes hael, to which they would reply drinc hael, which meant drink and be well. Over the centuries some non-alcoholic versions of wassail evolved. Other customs developed as part of Christian belief. For example, Mince Pies (so called because they contained shredded or minced meat) were baked in oblong casings to represent Jesus crib, and it was important to add three spices (cinnamon, cloves, and nutmeg) for the three gifts given to the Christ child by the Magi. The pies were not very large, and it was thought lucky to eat one mince pie on each of the twelve days of Christmas (ending with Epiphany, the 6th of January). Food Traditions The ever-present threat of hunger was triumphantly overcome with a feast, and in addition to the significant fare mentioned above, all manner of food would be served at Christmas. The most popular main course was goose, but many other meats were also served. Turkey was first brought to Europe from the Americas around 1520 (its earliest known consumption in England is 1541), and because it was inexpensive and quick to fatten, it rose in popularity as a Christmas feast food. Humble (or umble) pie was made from the humbles of a deer the heart, liver, brains and so forth. While the lords and ladies ate the choice cuts, the servants baked the humbles into a pie (which of course made them go further as a source of food). This appears to be the origin of the phrase, to eat humble pie. By the seventeenth century, Humble Pie had become a trademark Christmas food, as evidenced when it was outlawed along with other Christmas traditions by Oliver Cromwell and the Puritan government. The Christmas pudding of Victorian and modern times evolved from the medieval dish of frumenty a spicy, wheat-based dessert. Many other desserts were made as welcome treats for children and adults alike. Christmas Trees and Plants The tree was an important symbol to every Pagan culture. The oak, in particular, was venerated by the Druids. Evergreens, which in ancient Rome were thought to have special powers and were used for decoration, symbolized the promised return of life in the spring and came to symbolize eternal life for Christians. The Vikings hung fir and ash trees with war trophies for good luck. In the middle ages, the Church would decorate trees with apples on Christmas Eve, which they called Adam and Eve Day. However, the trees remained outdoors. In sixteenth-century Germany, it was the custom for a fir tree decorated with paper flowers to be carried through the streets on Christmas Eve to the town square, where, after a great feast and celebration that included dancing around the tree, it would be ceremonially burned. Holly, ivy, and mistletoe were all important plants to the Druids. It was believed that good spirits lived in the branches of holly. Christians believed that the berries had been white before they were turned red by Christs blood when he was made to wear the crown of thorns. Ivy was associated with the Roman god Bacchus and was not allowed by the Church as decoration until later in the middle ages when a superstition that it could help recognize witches and protect against plague arose. Entertainment Traditions Christmas may owe its popularity in medieval times to liturgical dramas and mysteries presented in the church. The most popular subject for such dramas and tropes was the Holy Family, particularly the Nativity. As interest in the Nativity grew, so did Christmas as a holiday. Carols, though very popular in the later middle ages, were at first frowned on by the Church. But, as with most popular entertainment, they eventually evolved to a suitable format, and the Church relented. The Twelve Days of Christmas may have been a game set to music. One person would sing a stanza, and another would add his own lines to the song, repeating the first persons verse. Another version states it was a Catholic catechism memory song that helped oppressed Catholics in England during the Reformation remember facts about God and Jesus at a time when practicing their faith could get them killed. (If you would like to read more about this theory, please be warned that it contains graphic descriptions of the violent nature in which Catholics were executed by the Protestant government and has been refuted as an Urban Legend.) Pantomimes and mumming were another form of popular Christmas entertainment, particularly in England. These casual plays without words usually involved dressing up as a member of the opposite gender and acting out comic stories. Note:Â  This feature originally appeared in December 1997, and was updated in December 2007 and again in December 2015.

Thursday, February 27, 2020

Organizational Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Organizational Strategy - Assignment Example The level of input and the outcomes is also a major factor to be considered. The second stage is to think of how to change the current situation. Discover all areas that change requires implementation, and how to go about it. The final stage is to think of where one would want to reach and within what period. This creates a motivation to put more effort in implementing the change. Ones the changes are being implemented, there is a need to evaluate their efficiency and if they are competent, they should constantly be implemented (Kaufman, 2003). Celebrating the hard work is done once the desired outcomes are achieved. Change requires commitment and persistence. Organizational changes are usually painful and, especially, to those with the status quo, therefore, there is a requirement for all those involved to accept the need for change. Many are the time people involved persist the change and tend to be confused with the happenings (Plas, 1999). Organizational management is a big task and therefore, there should be sponsors and advisors who will advise according to change implementation. In today’s market, organizations need to implement changes due to the completion and the technological changes that are occurring in the

Monday, February 10, 2020

Benazir Bhutto English Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Benazir Bhutto English - Research Paper Example Born to a comfortable lifestyle Benazir had an exemplary primary education in Pakistan that eventually qualified her to be educated in the United States’ Radcliffe College at Harvard University where she graduated cum laude in Comparative Government. She continued her studies in the United Kingdom’s Lady Margaret Hall in Oxford eventually completing additional courses in International Studies and Diplomacy. An astute speaker she eventually led the prestigious debating society as the president of the Oxford Union Debating Society. Benazir’s rude awakening to the tumultuous Pakistan politics was when her father Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was removed from office by a military coup in 1977. Coup leader General Zia-ul-Haq imposed martial law and placed on house arrest the entire family of Benazir. The death of Benazir’s father in 1979 by hanging at the hands of the coup plotters despite international pressure for clemency also exposed Benazir to the hea vy cost of public service. In one of her memoirs she described her time under house arrest. â€Å"The summer heat turned my cell into an oven. My skin split and peeled, coming off my hands in sheets. Boils erupted on my face. My hair, which had always been thick, began to come out by the handful. Insects crept into the cell like invading armies. Grasshoppers, mosquitoes, stinging flies, bees and bugs came up through the cracks in the floor and through the open bars from the courtyard. I tried pulling the sheet over my head at night to hide from their bites, pushing it back when it got too hot to breathe.† (Bhutto) In the first quarter of 1984, under pressure from the international community General Zia allowed Benazir Bhutto to travel abroad for medical consideration. After her surgery Benazir, resumed her political activities outside Pakistan to raise international concerns about the abuses political prisoners are suffering at the hands of General Zia-ul-Haq’s regime. The effectiveness of Benazir’s strategy forced General Zia to respond by holding a referendum to provide local and international legitimacy to his government. However, the referendum failed to achieve its purpose for General Zia, who was furthered pressure by the international community to hold general elections to restore the Parliamentary Government of Pakistan. In response Benazir’s People’s Party boycotted the elections because it violated certain provisions of the Pakistan Constitution. In November 16, 1988, in the first open election in more than a decade, Bhutto’s Peoples Party of Pakistan won the majority seats in the National Assembly. Consequently the first term of Benazir Bhutto as the first and to date only woman Prime Minister of Pakistan also started. (Hughes) Her term lasted until 1990 amidst corruption charges. In the October 1993 elections Benazir’s People Party of Pakistan again gained most of the seats in the National Assembly. However, due to the mounting pressures of the mounting corruption allegations against the people in her immediate circle of friends and family she was again forced to resign. Her reign eventually ended in 1996. Benazir Bhutto’s crusades include the repeal of controversial laws that curtail the rights of women in Pakistan that would include the Hudood and Zina ordinances. These ordinances make it legal for rape victims to be stoned to death. The