Effects of Violent TV Programming on Adolescent Behavior Essay

Violent behavior is a central theme in many kinds of media. Television and movies depict violent behaviors as acceptable ways of communicating and resolving problematic social situations (Strasburger & Donnerstein, 1999). During the twentieth century, Americans were introduced to a wide variety of media technology, including televisions, digital computers, video cassette players and handheld electronic machines (Anderson & Bushman, 2001). Although television is but one of the many media venues, it represents the predominant medium to which very young children are exposed. The 1972 report to the Surgeon General found that 96% of American homes have one or more television sets and the average home set is on more than six hours a day and frequent viewing usually begins at about age 3 and remains relatively high until about age 12 (1972, pp. 1-2). Kaiser’s study (1999) found that children spend up to 40 hours per week in front of the television. For children under the age of 7, Wright et al. (1994) found that media exposure averaged just over four hours per day. Other studies have concurred that the television has become a predominant medium of experience for the child. In a 1990 position paper, the NAEYC stated that the trend toward increased depiction of violence in the media jeopardizes the healthy development of significant numbers of our nation’s children (1990, p. 18). The viewing experience is highly complex, subjective, and dependent upon the child’s level of cognitive and emotional understanding (Wright et al. , 1994). Social scientists and policy makers have expressed concern about the potential negative impact of exposure of violence on children (Bushman & Geen, 1990). They have explored the negative impact longitudinally, both experimentally and observationally, and found that children as young as 2 and into adolescence are adversely affected by televised violence. Studies demonstrated that after viewing violent programs, the child behaved aggressively and imitated the scenes of the violent behavior in his play (Anderson & Bushman 2001). This paper explores the current state of research in this area and seeks for the relationship between television watching and childhood violence. Television and Violence The most recent large-scale longitudinal study was initiated in 1994 by researchers at the Universities of California, Texas, Wisconsin, and North Carolina. The National Television Violence Study (NTVS) was deemed the largest scientific study of television violence ever undertaken (Federman, 1998). NTVS involved a three-year effort (1994-1997) to review violence in televised programming. It examined three areas of concern: televised programming context, factors that either positively or negatively alter the risk of viewing violence, and the interactions between programming and the viewers. In this study, nearly 10,000 hours of televised cross-channel programming were examined using five major groupings: broadcast networks, independent broadcast, public broadcast, basic cable, and premium cable. The authors found that 61% of programs contain violence. By the third year of the study, there was more violent interaction observed across the programs analyzed. Specific to the younger child, the study found that children’s programs, as a genre, contained the greatest share (50%) of all high-risk violent interactions, as well as the highest ratio of interactions per hour (. 75) (Federman, Vol. 3, 1998, p. 175). Child-oriented cable programs such as those on Cartoon Network, Disney, or Nickelodeon contained the most high risk violent interactions (27%), compared to general-entertainment basic cable (24%), independent broadcast (19%), and premium cable (17%) (Federman, 1998). Early morning viewing, which is primarily child-focused cartoon programming, has at least one high-risk violent presentation every hour. In one week, a child is exposed to at least 20 violent behavior depictions, and in one year over 1,000, if he watches three hours of early morning television a day (Federman, 1997-1998). The authors also found that over the course of three years there was little change in the overall number of violent programs. However, there was a significant increase (8%) in the portrayals of violent incidents per program and children’s programs continued to depict violence in animated stories (Federman, Vol. 2, 1998). In many of these violent interactions, the main character did not experience any appropriate consequences for aggressive behavior. One of the goals of the NTVS was to encourage more responsible television programming and viewing. The study emphasized the message that understanding the impact of viewed televised violence offers an opportunity to significantly reduce the risks to society that are posed by exposure to televised violence. Young Child’s Experience of Violence The American media is rife with portrayals of justified violence (Federman, 1997-1998). The good guy beats up the bad guy, and laughter or expressions of glee follow hurtful acts. This conveys the message that aggression is an acceptable way to solve problems and express frustration. Children of all ages watch television and videos on a daily basis and are exposed to acts of violence that potentially shape their way of thinking and behaving (Minow & Lamay, 1995, p. 36) Cartoons feature patterns that are more likely to encourage aggression in children, especially if they are under the age of seven (Boyatzis et al. , 1987). Aggressive behaviors, often portrayed in the genre of animation aimed at children, are confusing for the young child. The stories presented as humorous, with laughter accompanying actions that are hostile and aggressive. This may lead to a decrease in his potential fear of danger and may also foster desensitization to harmful situations (Federman, 1997-1998). Significant results revealed that televised violence is changing the behavior of children (Federman, 1997-1998). Individuals of all ages learn through observation. Three important factors affect the impact of learning through modeling. First, the more engaging and attractive the model is, the more the viewer will stay attentive; the less appealing the character is, the more likely the viewer will be distracted or ignore the experience. The second compelling factor is the repeated exposure of the modeling stimuli. As a result of repeated exposure, modeling stimuli eventually produces enduring, retrievable images (Bandura, 1977, p. 25). The third factor, the complexity of the observed experience, affects the rate of observational learning. It is based on the observer’s capacity to process information. However, the young child may imitate without knowing what his behavior means. Bandura suggests that immediate imitation does not require much in the way of cognitive functioning because the behavioral reproduction is externally guided by the model’s action (Bandura, 1977, p. 27). Bandura’s research throughout the 1960s and 1970s with the inflatable Bobo doll demonstrated a relationship between viewing aggressive acts of behavior and performing them. He found that children would more often choose the Bobo doll to punch after viewing a televised violent program than reading a book or choosing a quiet game. Although Bandura’s work on modeling has been challenged over the years, there has been strong support. Later researchers have expanded Bandura’s initial studies, finding that the younger the child is, the more likely he will use imitation rather than rational thinking to choose an appropriate, non-violent way of relating. Eron et al. (1972) reported a strong relationship between viewed violence at age 8 and aggressive behavior. Canton and Sparks (1984) found that preschool children have a greater fear response than older children and react accordingly to what they see. Singer et al. (1999) concluded that there was a significant association linking violent exposure with children’s self-reported violent behaviors. Boyatzis et al. ‘s 1995 study of 52 elementary school children with a mean age 7 years, 9 months, showed how children reacted to watching an episode of The Power Rangers. They found that the child’s aggressive tendency and lack of fear was immediate and markedly greater following an exposure to but a single episode of The Power Rangers. (Boyatzis et al. , 1995, p. 53). Animated programming such as The Power Rangers, Ninja Turtles characterizes the hero as attractive, strong, and powerful. These characters use violence to solve problematic situations and rescue the helpless victim. The NTVS found that a preschooler who watches an average of 2 hours a day of such content will 43 be exposed to at least 10 hazardous portrayals a week, and over 500 in a year (Federman, Vol. 3, 1998, p. 163). Other studies have documented the relationship between exposure to violence and aggressive thought and action. For example, Josephson (1987) presented two television excerpts, one violent and one non-violent, to 396 third-grade boys from 13 schools. She hypothesized that there was a relationship between viewed violence and aggressive play behavior. Significance was found in increased aggressive behavior in boys who played a game of hockey after watching a violent program. Boys who scored high on characteristic levels of aggressiveness used more aggressive behaviors in their hockey game if they were in the groups that viewed violence. Furthermore, she found that the boys who watched the violent tape and were not given verbal cues about appropriateness of the behavior played more aggressively after the tape than either the boys who watched a non-violent tape, or boys who watched a violent tape but were given verbal cues that commented on appropriateness of behavior(Josephson, 1987). Children are being presented with messages that invite aggressive ways of relating to resolve situations and handle life events (Groves 2002). Current televised shows use cartoons, as well as live actors, to display forms of aggression as a means of relating to others and solving problems. A significant shift in televised programming, though, has occurred with the portrayal of aggressive behavior through more real life characterization, as illustrated in shows like The Power Rangers. The visual experience of aggressive behavior has become more like real life to the child because instead of viewing animated characters using aggressive behavior, the child can now watch individuals similar to himself transmogrify into violent machines (Boyatzis et al. , 1995). In this mechanical state, the portrayed behavior is violent and aggressive with the child’s intention of solving a problem. Witnessing these aggressive acts of behavior gives the child a script to construct his social interactions. Since young children create and store behavior that they see, viewing violence becomes a potential way of relating to an experience. Whether the televised programming is in the form of cartoons or real life, social scripts are constructed by the child and are then employed in day-to-day experiences (Groves 2002). Mitigating the Influence of Violent Television Even though there have been numerous studies documenting the impact of televised violence on the behavior of children, the television industry has been reluctant to change violent programming (Singer et al. , 1999). As a result, recent research has focused on how to mitigate the experience of what the child sees rather than waiting for the industry to change what is presented to the public. The child uses internal processes, relying on cognitive and emotional capacities, to actively understand what has been experienced. In his efforts to understand these experiences, the child will find a way to concretize the experience into either emotional or behavioral responses. Younger children need the assistance of another to understand what they experience because they are unable to adjust their viewing and comprehension activities in response to learning instructions (Field & Anderson, 1985, p. 91). Collins, Sobol, and Westby (1981) studied 47 children with a mean age of 7. 8 years. Children who watched a program in the presence of an adult who provided ongoing commentary showed improved comprehension of the plot and the witnessed experiences. Without adult participation, the younger children remembered only the aggressive behaviors without remembering the link to either the motive or the consequence. Huesmann et al. (1983) sampled 169 first- and third-grade children over a two-year period. The focus of the study was to mitigate the relation between aggression and television violence viewing in children through an intervention that altered the children’s attitudes about aggression and violent shows (Huesmann et al. , 1983, p. 899). They found a significant change in how the child responded to violence when the experimenter commented on the violent behavior. More children responded with appropriate answers when they were directly asked, â€Å"what are the bad things that could happen when a child imitates the aggressive behavior of a character? † St. Peters et al. (1991) found that the role of co-viewing by the parent with the child is beneficial. This study was conducted over a two-year period and involved the participation of 271 children, ages 3 to 5 years, and their parents. Parental comments about the televised material helped the children understand what they saw. The parents’ comments differentiated acceptable and non-acceptable behavior for the child. Young children need this clarification and guidance because they have relatively few internal structures to guide them in their behavior (St. Peters et al. , 1991). Kubey (1996) noted that network and cable programming are unsuitable for some children, especially the young child. No amount of adult commenting will completely mitigate what a child experiences. Monitoring and limiting a child’s choice of television shows to reduce the exposure to violent behaviors is similar to monitoring a child’s choice of foods to ensure health and nutrition. Children are victims to the effects of exposure to violence. Parents are critically important as a resource for the child in his attempt to understand the world. Grover (2002) noted that the child who has been exposed to violence responds more favorably to a nurturing, sensitive and caring adult relationship. The more parents know about their child’s changing capacities to understand the world, the better able they are to respond empathically and appropriately to the child (Garbarino, 1992). However, it is essential, as a parent is a primary resource to buffer, explain and clarify life experiences for the child that are beyond the child’s capacity to understand ((Minow & Lamay, 1995). The study by Singer et al. (1980) found that parents influenced their children’s perceptions of the importance of television by the type and amount of television viewing they had. Collins et al. (1981) found that parental commentary helped children understand the implicit program content. The longitudinal study by St. Peters et al. (1991) of 3- and 5-year-olds and their families’ viewing patterns found that parents’ viewing choices play a role in determining a child’s exposure to television programs. Conclusion Young children often copy the violent actions that they have witnessed. Bandura’s work on modeling in the field of social learning has been significant in conceptualizing the relationship between viewing violence and subsequent behaviors. The solution for ameliorating the impact of televised violence focuses on change in parental attitudes as well as profound changes in the entertainment industry. Changing parental attitudes and behavior toward media violence is more feasible than changing the way the entertainment industry portrays violence. Educating parents about the child’s cognitive and emotional developmental capacities has been recommended widely as one solution to lessen the potential impact of media violence. References Anderson, C, & Bushman, B. (2001). Effects of violent video games on aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, aggressive affect, physiological arousal, and prosocial behavior: A meta-analytic review of the scientific literature. American Psychological Society, 12, pp. 353-359. Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Boyatzis, C. J. , Matillo, G. M. , & Nesbitt, K. M. (1995). Effects of â€Å"The Mighty Morphin Power Rangers† on children’s aggression with peers. Child Study Journal, 25(1), pp. 45-55.

Alternative Energy Research Paper

Within the next few years, one can expect to see a vast change in the way that mankind harnesses energy. Alternative fuels will play a colossal role in what has become one of our generation’s largest challenges, limited supplies of fossil fuels. Scientists have been working for years to develop alternative methods to power the globe given that materials such as coal and oil are not renewable resources. Once they are used up, they are gone forever. New forms of energy have to be developed but what other sources are there and where will each work best?With fuel prices increasing every year and the theory that CO2 emissions from coal and petroleum products are heating up the globe, other resources of energy are being developed and put into use around the world. One of the new resources that is being put to use is wind energy. This particular type of energy is based on the old concept of windmills that used to be used on farms. When the wind blows it causes the blades on the windm ill to spin. This spinning in turn, spins a turbine inside of a small generator. That action creates electricity. Although windmills are fantastic, they are not practical everywhere.Wind turbines need to have at least a 14 mph wind speed in order to do any good( Wind Power). Unfortunately this is not found everywhere. So wind turbines must be put only in places that remain consistently windy. The wind farms are also built in areas that are wide open with flat terrain. Iowa is now home to over 600 wind turbines (Wind Power). This number of wind turbines produces enough electricity to power about 140,000 homes. Minnesota and Wisconsin are also putting the technology to use in there windy locations. Some schools in Iowa are even using these wind turbines to power their schools (Wind Power).And when it comes to size on these, bigger is most definitely better. The higher that the turbine is, the more wind that it reaches, thus, creating more electricity. At the flying Cloud wind plant in northeast Iowa the wind turbines are about 240 feet tall. The largest wind turbine in the world is located in Hawaii, it stands 20 stories tall and has blades the length of a football field. The tower which holds the blades of the turbine high in the air is hollow and made of steel. The blades are made of a lighter material called fiberglass and polyester (WindPower). So in all, a wind turbine works the opposite of a fan. A fan uses electricity to create wind. But a wind turbine uses wind to create electricity. The key is making sure that we put them in the correct locations where there is a substantial enough breeze for the wind turbines to operate. Water power or hydroelectric power has been yet another alternative resource of energy that has proven to be very efficient. Hydroelectricity is generated by the force of falling water. This method has been proven to be one of the cleanest and safest ways to produce energy.It is also extremely reliable and cost the least out of all ene rgy resources. This means that the customers who are operating under this source of power pay very little compared to some other resources. Hydroelectric power is very similar in concept to that of the wind turbine. But instead of the wind spinning the blades, with this, it’s the force of the water. Water is held behind a dam forming an artificial lake. The enormous force of the water from the reservoir through the dam is what spins the blades on the giant turbine (Hydroelectric Power).The turbine is connected to a generator that will create electricity as it spins. Once the water has passed through the turbine spinning the blades to create electricity the water then flows back into the river on the other side of the dam (Hydroelectric Power). Energy resources like this one have proven to be very productive in the past couple of years, creating power for millions of homes every year. Things like this are a huge step in the right direction when it comes to gaining energy indep endence and protecting the environment. Hydroelectric power is limited to areas that have larger masses of water such as rivers.One of the most common alternative energy resources that is getting more popular with every passing year is solar energy. Solar energy has been used by humans for thousands of years. People would use it to help start fires or to keep their houses warm. But it was not until 1839 that photovoltaic activity was first shown by Edmond Becquerel. He noticed that certain materials, when exposed to light, could increase their electrical current (History of solar energy). In 1905 Albert Einstein clearly described the photoelectric effect, which is the principle on which photovoltaic is based.In 1954, scientists found that silicon found in sand created an electric charge when it was exposed to sunlight. The first long term practical use of solar cells was in that of a satellite called Vanguard 1 in 1958. This satellite was powered completely by the sun and proved jus t how efficient that solar electricity could become. After the energy crisis in the 1970’s, people began to realize how dependent we were on non- renewable resources and solar energy as a result became much more popular (History of solar energy).Solar comes from the Latin word for sun. The sun has proven to be the most powerful source of energy. If we could somehow harness all of the sun’s energy hitting the earth for just one hour, it would meet the energy needs of the entire world for a solid year (Energy Kids Page). We can use solar power as a heat source and as an energy source. Solar panels on a house could be used to heat water or air, or it can be used as a primary energy source. In the United States alone, more than 10,000 families get all of their electricity from the sun (Energy Kids Page).Silicon from just one ton of sand, used in photovoltaic cells, could produce as much electricity as burning 500,000 tons of coal (Energy Kids Page). The downside to solar e nergy however, is that it is quite expensive to make a lot of electricity using photovoltaic’s. A lot of open land is also required to have enough cells to make a substantial amount of energy. For this reason, there are few big power plants in the United States, most of them located in California. Biomass energy is another energy resource that we could begin to see more of in the years to come.Biomass is a term for natural energy. When Biomass is burned, it releases heat, this heat creates energy (Biomass Energy). If you’ve ever camped out in the back yard and had a campfire going, the action of burning logs was creating biomass energy. Biomass energy is the burning of natural materials such as trees, and plants to create heat, and then electricity (Biomass Energy). Waste products, such as trash can also be burned to create biomass energy. Biomass energy just so happens to be the most common form of renewable energy being used in the United States today.We create enoug h energy through the burning of biomass materials here in the United States to power over two million homes (Biomass Energy). In Iowa, some farms are growing switch grass on their land. They then sell that to the power companies who then burn it with coal to create steam for the generators which creates electricity. Energy can also be harnessed out of decomposing garbage. It puts off a gas called methane which is captured by a micro turbine and uses it to run a small jet engine which creates electricity (Biomass Energy). Nuclear energy is the most ommon of all the alternative energy resources. â€Å"Nuclear energy is energy in the nucleus (core) of an atom. Atoms are tiny particles that make up every object in the universe. There is enormous energy in the bonds that hold atoms together. Nuclear energy can be used to make electricity. But first the energy must be released. It can be released from atoms in two ways: nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. In nuclear fusion, energy is rel eased when atoms are combined or fused together to form a larger atom (Energy Resources-Nuclear Power).This is how the sun produces energy. In nuclear fission, atoms are split apart to form smaller atoms, releasing energy (Energy Resources-Nuclear Power). Nuclear power plants use nuclear fission to produce electricity. Nuclear energy produces around eleven percent of the world’s energy. Nuclear power is made by nuclear fission. This heats water to create steam. The steam produced turns the turbines and then the turbines run the generator. At the very end of the line, the generator produces the electricity that will be sent to millions of homes and businesses.Some of the major advantages of nuclear power are that it costs about the same as coal, so it is not very expensive to make. It does not produce any carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gasses, so it is environmentally safe. It is a very reliable resource as well. The major disadvantage to nuclear power is the fact that it is extremely dangerous. It must be sealed up and buried for many thousands of years to make sure that all radioactivity has faded. Although it is very reliable, a lot of money has to be spent on safety.Nuclear energy from Uranium is not renewable, once we’ve mined and used all of the Uranium, it is gone forever. So although it is a very efficient way of producing electricity, the risks are a significant concern. In conclusion we can see that there is a plethora of ways to power the globe. Whether it is from the tall towers of the wind turbines, the immense pressure from the dams, the heat of the sun, the burning of all wastes and other biomass materials, or the dangers of splitting the atom to create nuclear energy, all of these resources have proven to be very effective.The answer may be to use them all together, utilizing each where it is most appropriate. Together these resources will help to dramatically alter the way that we harness energy for many years to come.Works Ci ted â€Å"Energy Resources-Nuclear Power. † Nuclear Power-Energy from splitting Uranium atoms 4 Nov 2008 . â€Å"Wind Power. † Wind Power 4 Nov 2008 . â€Å"Energy Kids Page. † Nuclear Energy (Uranium) Energy from atoms 4 Nov 2008 . â€Å"Hydroelectric Power. † tvakids. com. 4 Nov 2008 . â€Å"History of solar energy. † Solar Energy Information. 6 Nov 2008 . â€Å"Biomass Energy. † Allianate Energy Kids. 6 Nov 2008 .

Animals and Myriad Ways they can Kill or Heal Us Essay - 1

Animals and Myriad Ways they can Kill or Heal Us - Essay Example Introduction A lot of animals in this world are poisonous. Often they come in direct conflict with humans and become the cause of death and partial or total paralysis. This is the reason man has hated these animals for centuries. By making these animals useful, present advancement of science and technologies has changed this preconceived notion. Some of these animals are snakes, spiders, and scorpions. This paper reviews the benefits that are derived from venoms of these animals, the process of processing venom and the diseases they cure. Venom ejected by snakes can be broadly classified into four groups. These are neurotoxins, sitotoxins, hemotoxins and miotoxins. In the majority of cases, neurotoxic venom is related to the nervous system, hemotoxins is related to blood and vascular tissues and miotoxins is a combination of both neurotoxic and hemotoxic venoms. Cobra is one of those snakes whose venom is used for therapeutic purposes. Venom ejected by cobra can be classified as a ne urotoxin, a compound that affects nervous systems of human beings. Reference to cobra venom can be traced to Chinese civilization and Vedas. During the early 1900’s cobra venom was largely used as a medicine to treat people with depression, back pain, headaches and menstrual pain (The Therapeutic Uses of Cobras’ Venom Neurotoxins, n.d.). ... The homeopathic physicians prescribe venom of Asian Cobra (Naja tripudians), but in practice, venom from all types of cobra from Middle East to Philippines is taken and processed (The Therapeutic Uses, n.d.). Medical use Since 1960, snakes venom has acquired an important place in medical treatment. The compounds present in snake venom affect muscle contraction by enhancement of the hormone Bradykinin. This hormone is responsible for dilatation the blood vessels. â€Å"The peptides present in venom transform angiotensin I into another peptide, angiotensin II, which also supports constriction†. When the Bradykinin as well as other peptides are blocked, the process of ‘blood vessel constriction’ no longer functions. Only the process of dilatation takes place. This makes snake venom an effective and alternative treatment for treating symptoms of hypertension. In spite of not being a medical drug, peptide present in snake venom contains numerous chemical features which make â€Å"it indispensible for heart attacks, neurological disorders, diseases related to blood†. Some drugs that are processed from venom of snakes are Lisinopril, Enalapril, Defibrase and Captopril. More extensive use of snake venom is utilized in treating problems related with blood cells. Snake venom has also helped in development of non- peptide compounds like Aggrastat by using ‘disintegrin’, which is a toxin present in the venoms of saw- scaled viper found in Africa. The compound functions by binding fibrinogen receptors present in blood onto platelets which is performed by disintegrin, thus performing the function of a coagulant. Some compounds in snake venom, like ‘Ancrod’ enzyme of Calloselasma rhodostoma also functions as

The music business has changed radically. Can an employee whos been an Essay

The music business has changed radically. Can an employee whos been an Industry Legend Keep Up - Essay Example Helping business managers make rational decisions when faced with an ethical dilemma calls for determination and sophistication (McCullough and Faught, 2005). In the case study of Powerful Entertainment, the major ethical dilemma facing Noel Klein, the company’s CEO is on whether to lay Bob off or keep him. Noel argues that Bob has been in the company for so long as the sales managers although at present he is not selling anything. Despite the great changes in the industry within which Bob operates over the past 20 years, Bob has not changed at all (Guterman, 2010). He does not know anything about digital marketing although technology is moving towards this. Moreover he does not add to the sales of the company although he is the highest paid employee in the company. The CEO argues that Bob is taking up a vacancy for another sales person who would be able to achieve the targets. On the other hand, Bob has so much to offer to the company. Noel concedes that he has valuable inter personal skills. Bob is an icon in the company linking it to the past. Furthermore, he is the one responsible of keeping Mark Sender in the company. Mark Sender is an important figure in the company since he helps make almost 30 percent more revenues than other performers (Guterman, 2010). The other reason that makes it had for the CEO to decide on the way to handle Bob is given the fact that he is loved by most employees and therefore his exit may lead to loss of other critical employees or affect their effectiveness. He motivates other employees to work although this cannot be quantified. He is imaginative and adored by other workers and young employees have a lot to learn from him. Rita who has called upon by the CEO is expected to give her decision on the case of Bob Antice.... This research is the best example of comparison of the utilitarian, libertarian, deontological and virtue ethics perspective on the ethical dilemma facing Powerful Company. From an evaluation of the different ethical perspectives, the researcher proposes that Noel should adopt a combination of utilitarian and libertarian perspective to demystify the ethical dilemma facing the company. By employing the utilitarian perspective, the CEO would take time to evaluate the impacts of his actions. Utilitarian perspective like a social cost benefit analysis carries out any evaluation of the impacts of an action before it is implemented to help avoid costly mistakes in the process of making decisions. As such the CEO would be able to quantify the impacts of sacking Bob for not achieving the sales targets in relation to his benefits to the company. Since the perspective views the good of an individual as independent from their rights, it would be easy to conclude on whether to replace Bob or ret ain him in the organization. If his value in the organization does not match the pay, he should be replaced. From a libertarian perspective, Noel’s decision should be geared towards ensuring that maximum benefits to the shareholders of the company. In light of this statement, the decision adopted must ensure there will be maximum returns to the shareholders. From this perspective, it would be critical to evaluate the value of Bob to the company, does he actually motivate staff? Or does he help young guys to the company learn and how the two add value to company.

Venture Capital and Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9000 words

Venture Capital and Entrepreneurship - Essay Example The company is not only selling clothes, it is marketing its products as lifestyle - the lifestyle that the rich deserves and the not so rich to aspire for. The company is the exclusive owner of the brand. The company aims to achieve a 1% share of the market it its first year, then 3% in its second year, and 5% in its third year. Its market is the whole American population but its target markets are upwardly mobile men and women aged 20 to 50 with income of more than $50,000 annually. The Cashmere Collection, Monaco is 100% owned by its parent company, The Zelective Group, and is looking for a venture capitalist to finance the company's operations in Hong Kong by investing $25 million. The online apparel retail industry is growing tremendously. Introducing The Cashmere Collection, Monaco into the Hong Kong through online selling will create huge value for its parent company. The Cashmere Collection is owned by the Zelective Group which is headquartered in Monaco - one of the world's remaining monarchies. According to the group's website, the location of the head office is very strategic as it is very close to some cities which are leading and pioneering in the world of fashion: Milan , Florence , Rome , Paris and London. Currently, Zel Currently, Zelective's business model is wholeselling clothes made from cashmere. Its mission as a wholesale is "to deliver high-end textile products at affordable prices." It sells ready-to-wear and made-to-order cashmere collections. The company's products are made from 100% cashmere which are sourced from the highlands of Inner Mongolia believed to be the origin of the best cashmere fiber in the world (Please see Figure 1 for some of the Cashmere Collections). It has 31 or so collections so far. Cashmere is a type of wool fiber harvested from Cashmere goats. The fiber is characterized to be very soft, with high napability and loft. Cashmere is noted to provide natural light-weight insulation without the bulk. Cashmere is often named drop by celebrities and celebrity stylists as one of their favorite fabrics (InStyle 2009, p. 156). Figure 1 The Cashmere Collection The products of the company are positioned not only as clothing items but fashion items. In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the Cashmere Collection fulfills a person's safety needs - safety from cold, heat and the weather by providing insulation; and self-esteem needs by providing

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SOCIAL CONTRACT (OR NEGATIVE Essay

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SOCIAL CONTRACT (OR NEGATIVE FREEDOM)MODEL OF THE STATE AND HEGEL'S OWN MODEL OF IT - Essay Example The State is the form of expression of the people in an objective form that exists for them as knowers. Therefore possession under such a model of State would mean that property would belong to a person only to the extent recognized by others, and is a part of man’s struggle for recognition.(Hegel 439). The Hegelian model holds that the highest values and best traditions of a society can be politically embodied and expressed by the State. For Hegel, the State is universally altruistic, hence the interests of the State transcend those of the individual, because it is a means for a group of individuals to relate to each other out of a common will to live with other human beings in a community. (Avineri 134). The State is the ultimate embodiment of the amalgamation of the rational laws that govern a people and their subjective wills. The Social Contract Model is also founded upon the premise of recognition by others, however it is based upon those principles of social justice which individuals would adopt voluntarily in the absence of self interest. It does not view the State as the all encompassing, highest political expression of human interest; rather the laws that govern the State are formulated on the basis of principles that are commonly agreed to among people. In adopting principles to establish and govern their social institutions, certain limits will be set on individual freedom in order to ensure justice to everyone. However, within this framework, the model is formulated, consisting of initial conditions, the bargaining situation with actual proposals and the resulting social contract.(Rummel, 1981). Rawls articulates these principles of formulation of the State on the basis of social contract as follows: â€Å"No society can of course, be a scheme of cooperation which people enter voluntarily in a literal sense; †¦.yet a society satisfying the principles of justice as fairness comes as close as a society can to being a voluntary

MGT230. Leadership and Organization Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MGT230. Leadership and Organization - Coursework Example Transformational leaders involve their followers with a common of achieving great returns (Bertocci, 2009). They create the realization of the importance of specific outcomes and new approaches in which they can achieve those outcomes. Transformational leaders are grounded in ethical foundations, and it converts followers into leaders while leaders transform into moral agents (Day, 2014). Leaders can be classified as either transactional or transformational depending on how they relate to their followers to achieve the organizational goals (Nongard, 2014). Whether political or business leaders their traits inherent in each leader and as such they influence the outcome of the organization and the relationship between the leaders and their followers (Daft, 2009). This document examines the outstanding leadership qualities of the former U.S. president John F. Kennedy. President John F. Kennedy had an ability to handle problems that could not be perceived by any other person. He was determined and dedicated to his work as the president of the United States (Bass & Riggio, 2006). He formed a team of followers and delegated tasks the followers that resulted in team performance instead of individual achievement. Furthermore, he created a culture of open communication by breaking the barrier of traditional bureaucracy by encouraging open communication where people would be free to share with one another irrespective of their background (Bass & Riggio, 2006). He had diverse personality and talent. He respected everyone irrespective of their positions and had acute judgment of the people who would fit in particular positions and nurtured their talents in order to make them more productive in the society. Therefore, one can argue that President John F. Kennedy was more of a transformational leader than transactional leader (Bass & Riggio, 2006).

Training Module Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Training Module - Assignment Example With regard to project management timeline, it can be apparently observed that there pertain numerous scopes as well as risks relating to the development of the training plan. In this regard, the scopes might encompass generation of greater customer value and employee motivation among others. On the other hand, the risks might comprise having negative attitude towards the organization and unwillingness of the leaders among others. It is to be stated that different sorts of activities like interactive learning, demonstrations and analysis of case studies can be executed in order to make the training plan more effectual for Tesco. 2. Identification and Rationale of the Goals/Objectives Goals/objectives in the training module are the major considerations that can support an organization to accomplish its desired expectations (Gullett & Bedi, 2007). Therefore, following are the major objectives that require to be undertaken in order to build an effective training module. Increasing Produ ctivity Increasing productivity will be a primary objective of the overall training module which can eventually enable Tesco to strive the capability of each individual employee within the organization. The main reason behind this objective is to maintain and develop the present brand position along with long-term sustainability of the organization in the highly competitive retail industry (Koller,Harvey, & Magnotta, 2010). Establishing Communication between Employees and Working Environment The objective of establishing effective communication between the personnel and the working environment can deliver adequate support to an organization towards developing the performance level of each individual. The rationale of this particular objective is to increase the amount of coordination amid the employees and raise operational effectiveness by a greater level (Wilson, Stine & Bowen 2009). Minimizing Cost and Time Cost and time minimization is often regarded as the major goals of traini ng module that can enable an organization to increase its revenue and accomplish superior competitive position over its chief business market participants. In terms of rationale, it can be affirmed that the objective of minimizing cost and time has been taken into concern for Tesco due to the augmentation of extreme business market competition in the respective industry and alterations in the business environment (Wilson, Stine & Bowen 2009). 3. Outcomes and Rationale of the Training Module In relation to the proposed training module for Tesco, it can be anticipated that three major outcomes can significantly reinforce the performance of the organization. The potential outcomes from the training module have been discussed in the following section. Adequate Control of the Process The training module concerning electronic and online technological aspect can improve the capability of Tesco to obtain greater control and efficiency in its overall operational as well as functional process (Ellis, 2009). Increase Knowledge and Capability The training module concerning electronic and online technology can emphasize upon providing greater scope for innovation and also formulating effective ways to meet the ultimate objectives of the organization at large (Ellis, 2009). Productive Working Environment The nature of the proposed training module can be recognized as that it has been designed to make aware the employees to become much

Persuasive paper rough draft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Persuasive paper rough draft - Essay Example Hybrid cars are still in the experimental stage, meaning there are numerous different models and types to choose from. While some hybrids do not seem to meet the needs of consumers, offering too many negative attributes to offset the positives, plug-in hybrid cars should be considered a good alternative to partially meet the country’s future energy needs. Plug-in hybrid cars are essentially what they would seem to be; they plug into a normal electric circuit and charge from the same electrical source found in a typical home. Research shows that most U.S. drivers travel, on average, less than 25 miles per day, which is a range easily reached by the plug-in hybrid vehicle enabling people to get to work at a fuel rate much lower than that of today’s current gasoline prices (Sanna, 2005). This switch would also mean a significant reduction of CO2 emissions and reduces the nation’s need for non-renewable natural resources. While this does classify it as an electric vehicle, the plug-in hybrid has an additional feature that makes it feasible even for long-distance use. The plug-in hybrids, not intended to run on electricity alone, also carry a liquid fuel tank and combustion engine, which enables owners to fill up when the battery runs dry and continue driving for as long and as far as they wish, all while recharging the elec tric battery. â€Å"The hybrid electric vehicle is a move in the right direction. Its battery/electric motor combination provides the quick starts, so when the vehicle is standing still, the gas engine can be shut off automatically to prevent idling and conserve fuel. In fact, the hybrid can achieve an increase in fuel efficiency of roughly 30 percent. The battery also boosts the performance of the [internal combustion engine] at takeoff and for passing† (Sanna, 2005). As the combustion engine is running and during the process of braking, the battery becomes charged by the

EMR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

EMR - Essay Example With this in mind, it can be said that organizational change is an ongoing process that goes hand in hand with the introduction of new technologies to the market (Chemuturi, 2010). Choosing to ignore the onset of these new software products will only serve to hold an organization back with regard to its self improvement and as a result halt the growth of such a company leaving it to be overtaken by its competitors (Apostolou et al, 2010). This is an issue that any establishment has to consider be profit or non profit as being left behind in a world that is changing on a daily basis will more than likely lead to the relevance of that particular organization rapidly decreasing resulting in its extinction form existence in the end. The Organizational Change As mentioned earlier, the health sector has not been left behind in the technological revolution and the change product that has been nominated for implementation in this project are the patients records that are kept in storage. The implementation constitutes of changing the nature of the records from paper form to a more up to date soft copy format that will be stored within an electronic computer data base (Apostolou et al, 2010). This will mean that the records will no longer be stored in physical form consisting of files archived in a particular part of the building but instead will be retrievable from a computer by any individual who has been given authorized access (Chemuturi, 2010). It should be noted that the information on the patients records will remain the same and the only change involved will be the manner in which it is stored and can be retrieved. In technical terms, it can be said that the records will be transformed from a hard copy version (that is, physical files and documents containing the patients’ information) to a soft copy format (that is, electronic files that are stored and accessed from a computer hard drive) thus the only difference coming about is where the files can be re trieved from (Chemuturi, 2010). This organizational change can be described as a technological advancement due to the nature of the processes that will be involved. The health facility will be taking a step forward moving from the traditional methods of storing information to more advanced ways that have entered the market thanks to the introduction of technology to the information sector. The files that will be stored in this new format can be referred to as e records (electronic records) and serve as the new wave of data storage that has taken over the more traditional means. Switching from physical storage of the patients records to a soft copy format will ensure that any needed information will be accessible to the doctor or whoever it may concern will be accessible from any location provided that an individual has a computer or any other electronic device with access to the internet such as an I pad or smart phone. The switch will also prove to be a good way of storing large am ounts of data/information in an easier manner as the issue of physical space does not arise with this type of record keeping (Chemuturi, 2010).

Cigarette Ads Essay Example for Free

Cigarette Ads Essay From 1947-2000 cigarette ads have changed in more than just one way. Each ad pinpoints a certain stereotype of a person as well as containing a slogan that assures the viewer of which stereotype the ad is pertaining to. Each ad does a great job of matching the slogan with the image, while drawing in consumers and maintaining the fulfillment of the consumer’s prefrence. The ad used in 1947 for Camel cigarettes claims â€Å"More Doctors smoke Camels Than Any Other Cigarette†. The ad also contains a picture of a man posing as a doctor. The picture as well as the slogan being claimed, provides a sense of comfort and safety. People may think if doctors are smoking these cigarettes they may not be unhealthy. This ad could also come off as an ad promoting the â€Å"need for prominence†, while aiming to represent the cigarette of those of a high social status (Fowles 549). The Camel ad also slightly resembles a news article as and is layed out in a very informative manner, while pointing out all of the benefits of the product. This approach is common because potential consumers are often looking for a new solution† (Bovee 559). If a consumer is looking to become more healthy, or attempt to feel less guilty when smoking a cigarette, this ad may attract their attention, simply due to the fact that the ad claims it is the number one cigarette for doctors. The Marlboro ad of 1970 pertains to those who prefer a cigarette that contains a great amount of flavor. The slogan states â€Å"come to where the flavor is. Come to the country†. This ad’s main attraction is the flavor of the cigarettes, which pertains to the â€Å"need for autonomy† due the fact that this ad appeals to those who prefer a cigarette with great flavor(Fowles 550). Not only does this ad have to do with the need of autonomy it also pinpoints the â€Å"need for affiliation†, it is obvious the ad is affiliated with those who not only enjoy flavor but also enjoy being in the country, the slogan as well as the picture is what make the two main attractions obvious in the ad (Fowles 544). The camel ad of 2000 is most likely going to attract those who wish to attain the perfect cigarette, therefore this ad pertains to the â€Å"need for aesthetic sensation†, due to the fact that this ad is a simple ad with few words , there is little room for correction nearly being a perfect ad(Fowles 552). This ad will not only attract people’s attention because of the word â€Å"pleasure† being placed in the slogan, but also the picture is an attention grabbing picture. The ad contains a picture a young, fit, attractive male, which also means this ad pertains to the â€Å"need for attention† (Fowles 550)Not only does this attract people’s attention it is also desirable. Over the past years the cigarette ads have slightly changed. The pictures, slogans, and the layout have all changed over time, but only to a slight extent. Although the physical appearance of the ads may have changed slightly over time, the idea of advertising cigarettes have not. Just as Fowels said, â€Å"most advertisments appearing in national media can be understood as having two orders of content† (Fowles 541). All the ads serve the same purpose, while each ad does appeal to different types of people, each ad also does the same thing to attract a certain type of person or idea. This is done by placing certain words as well as images to draw in consumers. As consumer’s wants as well as needs change, ads continue to change accordingly. With this being said, most changes that do occur are often subtle, therefore the changes that have been made in ads are often very slight. When major changes are made to ads, it is often due to the fact of improvement of the product or to fulfill a major want or need of the majority of the consumers.

From One War to Another Essay Example for Free

From One War to Another Essay The French and Indian war, a war that had assembled the largest number of troops ever, was caused by more than a hundred years of rivalry between the two countries, had several consequences on the British Empire, and impacted the colonies greatly. When the fire of the French and Indian war was blown out, another match was dropped, starting another war. The main causes of the French and Indian war also known as the Seven Years war, was due to the constant hostility of the two large Empires. Although peace was kept surprisingly well, at the beginning of colonization in the New World, the Ohio River brought upon a new battle. Not only the French and English wanted control of the Ohio River Valley, but the Native Americans who were living there also believed that it was rightfully their land. All held the notion that the Valley was a strategic economic location and none were willing to give it up, which led to the start of small battles. Eventually, this led up to a declaration of war from Britain to France. This caused both France and England to suddenly begin seeking friendship with the Indians in order to have them as allies. Although the English won the war, the consequences that they faced were immense. The war had increased Britains debt to 133 million pounds by 1763, which led to much hatred towards the colonies who were unwilling to help pay this debt. Grennville, and other men of the British Empire bestowed it upon the colonies as their duty to participate in paying the debt.. Grenville took it upon himself to impose harsh acts, such as the Sugar and Stamp act, inorder to take revenue from the colonies. This outraged many colonialists, including Patrick Henry, who at one of Virginias House of Burgesses meetings, openly protested the stamp act, and the unjust acts of the empire. Not only did the British feel that they colonies should take part in paying the debt, but they also held a feeling of resentment due to the colonists minimal of participation in helping with the army, and supplying food and clothing. The British were infuriated that the Colonies were so uncooperative, and unappreciative after all they had done for America.. This led to increased tension and unrest between the colonies and Britain. Quite different from the repercussions of the war of the British, the colonies had very different consequences. Men like George Washington who had participated in the battle began to see that the redcoats were not as powerful as they were thought of, and that they would not always be able to serve and protect the colonies. Also, with colonialists fighting the war beside eachother, this interaction with the other twelve colonies opened the eyese of the colonies making them aware that when united together, they could become a force that could challenge the British Empire. Also the Colonies were angered by the harsh acts initiated by the British, and began to despise the Parliamentary rule. Leading other colonies and people to protest Grenvilles acts; together they held an intercolonial gathering of nine colonies, called the Stamp Act Congress, which lead to the Governors writing to the British Government of how they should be in charge of their own taxation as they saw the British system of taxation without representation as unjust and unlawful. This perception led them to increasingly doubt their loyalty to the empire and these events led to the American Revolution. Beginning as a rivalry between the French and English which caused the Seven Years war, lead to drastic consequences of both the colonies and the British. The British Empire had a huge debt, and lost their relationship with America while the colonials began to imagine breaking free of British rule.The end of a war lead to another war.

Information Gathering for Geography Data Collection

Information Gathering for Geography Data Collection Introduction: During the last decade, there has been an increase of the integration of visual methodologies, with geographical research. This aspect has managed to gain an increased attention from geographic researchers. Currently, it is easy for Geographers to access the tools of visual reproduction and production. The society is heavily influenced by visual representations and images. It is easier to pass on information through visual and imagery representation, as opposed to the use of words and symbols. However, the interpretations of these visual images normally lack a critical awareness or analysis. This is because they are always interpreted on a face value. Cloke (2004) explains that visual communication normally occurs through the help of visual aids. It is described as a conveyance of information and ideas in forms that it is easy to read, understand, and look upon. Thrift and Kitchin (2009) further explains that visual communication greatly relies on vision. Furthermore, it is always expressed or presented with two dimensional images. This includes typography, signs, graphic design, drawings, animation, illustration, advertising, industrial design, etc. Visual communication, explores the concept that visual messages that are accompanied by words have great capability of educating, informing, or persuading the audience of the message under consideration (Rubenstein, 2009). Geographers mainly use visual methodology as part of qualitative method of gathering data. This paper gives a discussion on the different ways whereby geographers have managed to incorporate the various visual methods in their research. This is by using a range of examples. Some of the major visual techniques analyzed in this paper include auto-photography, and participatory video making. Auto-Photography and Geographic Research: Auto photography is an example of an ethnographic research methodology. It provides a tool used in qualitative research methods that help in understanding the qualities of an environment, and geographic locations. This tool is on most occasions used by human geographers for purposes of collecting information. This is mainly because of advances in photographic technology, it is easy to access it, and it is also affordable. Stockinger (2013) explains that auto-photography is directly related to film development, and it relies on the camera technology. In geography, the use of auto-photography is directly related to the invention of disposable cameras (Phoenix, 2010). This was a one-time user camera which could not operate without a film. These types of cameras were very popular in the 1990s, and this is because it was a new technology, and it was easy to use the cameras for purposes of taking images (Kitchin, 2009). For new researchers, and those without a substantial amount of research funds, this method of data collection was very expensive (Teese, 2008). However, with the emergence of digital cameras, it is now cheaper to use auto-photography for purposes of collecting geographic data. Furthermore, it is easy to take a large volume of photos, through the use of digital cameras (Rubenstein, 2009). Furthermore, because of a drop in the cost of equipments, geographic researchers have gained the capability of developing their own videos that consists of data collected. Under human geography, researchers have used auto-photography to study the geographic location and elements of children all over the world (Gomez and Jones, 2010). This technology is easy to use, when studying children. This is because it is easy to categorize these children into subject groups. These children might find it intimidating or difficult to understand the verbal language of research, hence the use of auto-photography. Stockinger (2013) explains that auto-photography is not restricted to the study of only children. It can be used to study and collect data on time-space geographies, human identity, and the interactions between human beings, and the environment. The early pioneers on the use of auto-photography in geography are Joan Wingate and Stuart Aitken (Stockinger, 2013). This is through their study on how the environment affects children, and how to use auto-photography to help adult researchers to understand the different views of children, regarding their environments. This work was able to incorporate the methodological approach in the children’s geographies which emphasized on the everyday and local lives of children. It further analyzed the impact of social differences like ethnicity, race and income, on the environmental mobility and experience of children (Reason, 2008). In concluding their research, the two authors denoted that children who suffered from cerebral palsy, and whose movements were restricted, engaged in taking photographs, as compared to their counter parts, who were normal (Rubenstein, 2009). Furthermore, watching other children playing was a way in which a disabled child was able to participate in the playing activity. Auto-Photography is not only used in the geographic study of children. It is also possible to use it in studying time and space. This is better depicted in a study by Johnson, May and Cloke (2008) on the geography of homelessness. Under this research, the researcher were analyzing the various strategies in which homeless people use for purposes of protecting themselves, and maintaining their areas of residence, i.e. space. This is because the homeless are always vulnerable to intimidations and exploitation, and when they are found in wrong places, people would chase them. Johnson, May and Cloke (2008) believes that aut o-photography is an important source of getting information. It is far much more useful that traditional sources of information such as books, and newspapers. It complements these sources of information. Furthermore, auto-photography has been used in accelerating the spatial development of Urbanization on Guangzhou (Phoenix, 2010). This is a province located in China. For example, in the year 2000, Guangzhou began a series of spatial expansion. This was after its merger with the districts of Huadu and Panyu. To effectively develop the province, there was a need of proper urban planning and development (Kochak, 2006). The use of auto-photography was essentially in this aspect. Urban planners of Guangzhou took a series of photographs, of various locations of the province. This was for purposes of studying them, and hence coming up with a better policy, on how to plan the province. Policy formulators were able to use these photos for purposes of planning to build an extensive road network that connected the province of Guangzhou and Foshan (Chiang, 2005). This is clearly depicted on the North Western border of the provinces of Guangzhou and Foshan. The construction land between the borders of these two provinces is directly connected with one another, and road network has approximately sixty intersections (Loo, 20 09). This is for future expansion. Participatory Video Making and Geographic Research: Participatory video is a process in which the participants work together for purposes of creating a video in regard to their common experiences. It is also a way of making an inquiry of the various challenges that affect the lives of the participants (Kitchin, 2009). This concept is widely used in the collection of data when studying human geography. Due to the immense benefits that participatory video making has, geographers have emphasized on its use in the collection of data. Under participatory video making, the participants and the researcher are joint owners of the data that emanates from the research (Rubenstein, 2009). This research emphasizes that social action is an important part of a research. Furthermore, social action is exploratory, relational, and unpredictable. Participatory video making is therefore seen as an opportunity for empowering geographers with social skills that can help them to efficiently interact with the participants of the research (Chiang, 2005). Don Snowden was the first person to engage in participatory video making (Kitchin, 2009). He pioneered the use of media for purposes of enabling the community to develop various solutions to their problems. In his research, Snowden was able to work Colin Low a film maker (Kitchin, 2009). He carried out a study of Fogo Island, which was a small fishing community in Canada. His main aim was to identify the various challenges and opportunities that are experienced by the residents of this community. In this research, Snowden managed to develop a film on different villages in the Island (Hueber and Alderman, 2011). These films illustrated various challenges that they were facing, and the ways of overcoming these challenges. By watching the videos of each village, the different villagers in the island were able to realize that they were facing similar problems (Bergman, 2010). On this basis, they had to come together for purposes of ensuring that they develop a solution to the problems that were facing them (Hueber and Alderman, 2011). Politicians were also able to view these videos. On most occasions, politicians were very busy, and unable to visit the Island, and learn on the different problems that the Islanders were facing. Furthermore, the Island was far away from the main land of Canada. As a result of the production of this video, the government was able to change its policies regarding the Fogo Island (Hueber and Alderman, 2011). This is by improving the welfare of the people of Fogo Island through education, and building of infrastructures that could enable them carry out their fishing practices in an efficient manner. Furthermore, people within the Island began collaborating with each other for purposes of finding a solution to the problems that affected them. This technique was so successful that other geographers began using participatory video making in collecting data. Hester Parr examines the use of participatory video making in a mental health institution. Parr (2007) believes that it is possible to use participative video making for purposes of helping to change the manner in which the society views people with mental problems or disability. Furthermore, she explains that video making is useful in helping to hold important data about the effects that arts has on the mental health of another person. Parr (2007) argues that participative video making is a collaborative process that requires the cooperation of all the parties involved in it. This would therefore make it possible for the participants to provide an in-depth data regarding the problems of the research. On this basis, Parr (2007) explains that participative video making is an important aspect that can help in solving the problems of a society. For instance, Parr (2007) explains that the use of a video referred to as Recovering Lives was successful in positively depicting the mentally ill people in Dundee. The filmmakers were able to collaborate with the mentally ill individuals in coming up with this video. They had an opportunity of telling their experiences and challenges that they face while living with this disability (Hay, 2010). On this basis, the filmmakers succeeded in explaining the different problems that mentally ill people face. Conclusion: Currently, most geographers are involved in gathering information through the use of visual methods of data collection. The most prominent of these methods are auto-photography, and the use of participative video making. Auto- Photography has been made possible because of the emergence of digital cameras. This makes it easier for geographers to take as many photos as possible. It is also a cheap method of collecting data, because digital carry are easy to afford. On the other hand, participative video making involves collection of data through film. Under this method, the geographer would collaborate with the population, while gathering data concerning a particular area of their research. These methods are used by geographers to solve a particular social problem. They are widely used in the area of human geography. Bibliography: Bergman, B. J. (2010). Making the Most of Your Video Collection: Trends in Patron Access and  Resource Sharing. Library Trends, 58(3), 335-348. Chiang, T. (2005). Historical geography in China. Progress in Human Geography, 29(2), 148-164. Cloke, P. J. (2004). Practising human geography. London: SAGE. Gomez, B., Jones, J. P. (2010). Research methods in geography: a critical introduction.  Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell. Hay, I. (2010). Qualitative research methods in human geography (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford  University Press. Hueber, A. M., Alderman, D. H. (2011). Analyzing resident place satisfaction in a tourist  destination through auto-photography the case of Southern Shores, North Carolina.  Greenville, N.C.: East Carolina University. Johnsen, S., May, J., Cloke, P. (2008). Imag(in)ing ‘homeless places’: using auto-photography  to (re)examine the geographies of homelessness. Area, 40, 194-207. Kitchin, R. (2009). International encyclopedia of human geography. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Kochak, A. K. (2006). Development Indices: A Comparative Study of India and China. China  Report, 42(1), 57-68. Loo, B. P. (2009). An overview of transport geography in China. Journal of Transport  Geography, 17(5), 419-420. Parr, H. (2007). Collaborative film-making as process, method and text in mental health  research. Cultural Geography, 14, 114-138. Phoenix, C. (2010). Auto-photography In Aging Studies: Exploring Issues Of Identity  Construction In Mature Bodybuilders. Journal of Aging Studies, 24(3), 167-180. Reason, P. (2008). The SAGE handbook of action research: participative inquiry and practice  (2nd ed.). Los Angeles, Calif.: SAGE. Rubenstein, J. M. (2005). The cultural landscape: an introduction to human geography (8th ed.).  Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Stockinger, P. (2013). Digital Audiovisual Archives. London: Wiley. Teese, B. (2008). Making Use of Video Interlacing. The Physics Teacher, 46(L1), L1. Thrift, N. J., Kitchin, R. (2009). International encyclopedia of human geography. Amterdam:  Elsevier.

Religions Effect on The Wanderer :: Religion Clergy Wanderer Poetry Poem essays

Religion's Effect on The Wanderer â€Å"He who is alone often lives to find favor† (Wanderer), but is he searching needlessly? In short, â€Å"The Wanderer† is an Old English poem of a man who is exiled due to the loss of his liege lord. The man then finds himself traveling the sea in search of a new land in which he could remain. His travel is accompanied by a lament from his heart. His heart has little hope, and even that is overpowered by the lament for the land he had just been exiled from. Yet hope still manages to find a place in this sad tale, for this oral poem was made into a manuscript by the Christian Monks around the year of 975 (Wanderer). â€Å"The Wanderer† is among many of the oral traditions of the Anglo-Saxon period that have been put into print. Through this transition of being spoken to now being read, â€Å"The Wanderer† has lost and gained different components of its original form. If one were to remove the words of the author, the poem would be left with only a â€Å"sense of the harshness of circumstance and the sadness of the human lot† (Encarta), which is the average focus of poems spoken at the time. However, with the author interjecting phrases as simple as â€Å"So the wise man spoke in his heart† (Wanderer), it lifts the appeal of true harshness. The author takes this man’s most abstract and uneasy thoughts and gives a simple explanation for them, and this leads the reader to not judge the wanderer- based on his morbid thoughts- as much. The author does not go as far as to create sympathy for the wanderer, just far enough to create an understanding of him. No person wants to be judged based on personal thoughts, for things expressed only within the mind are not meant to be observed by others. It could create a wrong impression of a person, and that is what the author is making sure does not happen. There is an â€Å"elegiac note [that] finds it most eloquent expression in ‘The Wanderer’† (â€Å"Wanderer†). However, because of the clergies inserting an author, this great sense of elegy is slightly altered due to the fact: it is not completely a reflective essay anymore, but mostly because the melancholy tone is lightened by the author’s explanation, which are two key components of elegy. Granted, it is believed to be one of the best examples of elegy, but it must have been more so before it was put into manuscript.

Compare and Contrast Billy Budd versus Bartleby Essay -- American Lite

A Comparison/Contrast Analysis of "Billy Budd" and Bartleby" Several comparisons and contrasts can be made concerning the two stories, Billy Budd and Bartleby, written by Herman Melville. The setting of the two stories reveals an interesting comparison and contrast between the British Navy on the open sea, and the famous Wall Street of New York. The comparison and contrast of characters, Billy Budd, Captain Vere, and Claggart in Billy Budd, and the `narrator' and Bartleby in Bartleby, at times are very much alike, and also very different. The conflict, climax and resolution of the two Melville stories contain similarities and differences. These two stories, on the exterior, appear to be very different, and on the interior are alike, especially if trying to analyze the stories by interpreting the symbolism that Melville may be trying to reveal in his writing. This essay will analyze the similarities and differences in Billy Budd and Bartleby. The first analysis of these stories will be comparing and contrasting the setting. To compare the setting of the two stories, much like the decline of the British naval supremacy in the world due to over-expansion, and especially mutinies, which were taking place throughout the Navy, mostly because of over worked conditions, extended enlistments, and impressments of non-volunteers, on Wall Street, there was a conflict between wage laborers and capitalists in the form of strikes and violence in the street. The conflict leads to the forming of trade unions to resist the methods of factory production and wage labor. The setting can also be compared because of the limited mention of the surroundings, until the very end when Billy Budd, after being hanged, has hi... ...tuttering. In conclusion, this essay analyzes the similarities and differences of the two stories written by Herman Melville, Billy Budd and Bartleby. The settings, characters, and endings in the two stories reveal very interesting comparisons and contrasts. The comparison and contrast also includes the interpretation of the symbolism that Melville used in his two stories. The characters, Billy and Bartleby, could even be considered autobiographical representatives of Herman Melville. Work Cited Harris, Laurie Lanzen, ed. Nineteenth Century Literature Criticism. Detroit: Gale Research, 1983. Herzberg, Max J., ed. The Reader Encyclopedia of American Literature. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1962. Melville, Herman. Billy Budd, Sailor and Other Stories. Beaver, Harold, ed. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1972.

The Marine Assault on Tinian Essay -- Battle for Tinian

Introduction Tinian is a small island in the Marianas group lying approximately 3,500 miles west of Hawaii and 1,400 miles southeast of Tokyo Japan. The island was discovered by Ferdinand Magellan who landed on the island of Guam first in 1521. The island remained under Spanish control for centuries. Tinian remained under Spanish control until the Spanish-American war of 1898, when the American cruiser USS Charleston entered the harbor in Guam to claim that island. Spain took notice at the end of the war and sold the remaining islands of the Marianas to include Tinian to Germany. Germany’s regime lasted shortly when the first world war and seized the Mariana Islands except for Guam which remained under US control. The native people of the Marianas are known as Chamorros, and the native language is Chamorro. Although the original language is now mixed with Spanish, German, and Japanese, it is still thought until today. During the Second World War after the attack on Pearl Harbor Guam was also attacked and seized by the Japanese military this is when the Pacific war had begun. The United States now focused their attention on the Philippines, Iwo Jima, and the Mariana Islands. Hoping to capture Guam back from the Japanese, United States also wanted to capture the remaining islands. These islands would be in the front lines of the war in the Pacific. 1 History Why did the United States Military want to take control of Tinian? The island would be the new home of the newly created Twentieth Air Force. The United States saw Ushi Point Airfield as the perfect location to set up the air base, which would land its B-29s while en route to bomb Japan. The Marines also needed to take control of Tinian in order to prevent the Japanese ... ...n the plan of attack, and a realistic logistics plan that can keep abreast of the attack. These few principles have been the keys to victory countless times in the past and will continue to unlock the door to victory on the battlefields of the future. These are the lessons that are the heritage of the Tinian Battle, and we still use and also improve on by planning. The Battle for Tinian is one of the most successful planned amphibious operations in history.11 Works Cited Allan, May. Marine Assault on Tinian. Volume 13. July 1998. Prefer, Nathan. The Battle for Tinian. Philadelphia: United States of America and Great Britain by Casemate Publishers. 2012. LtGen William K. Jones, USMC(Ret). Marine Corps Gazette. Marine Corps Association: Marine Corps Association Jun 1988. Major Hoffman, Carl. The seizure of Tinian. Washington DC Printing: 1951

Journeys End †R.C.Sherriff †“Character of Stanhope” Essay

Explore the ways in which Sheriff presents the character of Stanhope â€Å"How is the dear young boy? Still drinking like a fish, as usual?† The character of Stanhope is introduced by Hardy in Act 1, without him actually making an appearance. Osborne shows respect to Stanhope and is clearly angry and annoyed by the way Hardy is dismissive of Stanhope’s ability. Already, we are presented with two contrasting views of Stanhope. By considering the way in which both characters discuss him, we can address the question of whether or not Stanhope possesses heroic qualities. The play depicts the horror of trench warfare; it gives us an insight into what life is like in the war, the reality of the war and the reality of heroism. Heroism is to show great courage and bravery. A lot of men in the war signed up because when the war was over they wanted to be seen as a hero. None of these men had any idea about the reality of the treacherous conditions in the trenches. R.C Sheriff wanted to dispel the myths about the horrors of the war and address how real men survived; the heroic men. In this essay, I am going to analyse Act 1 and Act 2, scene 2. I will look at the ways in which Sheriff uses language, stage directions and dramatic devices to present the character of Stanhope and I will address the question as to whether or not Stanhope possesses heroic qualities. In Act 1, the character of Stanhope is introduced. This has a major impact on the audience. It builds up tension for stanhopes arrival and provides the audience with valuable information about the character of Stanhope. Hardy shows disrespect towards Stanhope, for the simple reason that he ‘likes a good drink’. Osborne is indignant over these comments and continually informs Hardy of his dedication, loyalty and perseverance. â€Å"Oh he’s a good chap† Hardy says this in a patronising manner, dismissing his abilities as a leader. He does not share the same respect but instead uses Stanhope’s values as an amusement. He was particularly amused at the fact that Stanhope missed his leave. He put it down to the reason that he did not want to show his family the drunkard state he was in. Maybe, the actual reason is that he  is so loyal to his men that he does not want to abandon them. Osborne repeatedly defends Stanhope and emphasises the fact that he had seen him suffering all day, physically and mentally, then out on duty all night. â€Å"Young Stanhope goes on sticking it, day in and day out† This comment recognises Stanhope’s quality of loyalty, commitment and overwhelming mental strength. It is for these qualities that could describe Stanhope as a hero. Sheriff’s purpose of including this scene in the play is to present the audience with two contrasting views of Stanhope. By doing this, he heightens the eager anticipation and curiosity. The audience are left to develop their own opinion on the character of Stanhope. In Act 1, scene 1, Sheriff presents the audience with another characters opinion of Stanhope. We can see that Raleigh is very enthusiastic and keen to talk about Stanhope. Dramatic devices are used to create an alternative perspective if Stanhope. Osborne: D’you know him Raleigh: Yes, rather! †¦ Osborne: He’s a splendid chap Raleigh: Isn’t he? His reactions to Osborne’s comments show that he highly respects Stanhope and is in total awe of him. He looks up to Stanhope as a kind-of role model. ‘He looked splendid in it’, Raleigh’s language used to describe Stanhope suggests that he worships him. He uses words like â€Å"splendid† and â€Å"amazing† and â€Å"terrific†. This shows his excitement and wonder at being placed under his command. The scene on a whole shows Stanhope as a hero figure. Raleigh is in awe of him like a school boy idolises an older student. In Act 2, scene 2, Hibbert is taken aback when Stanhope admits to suffering from neuralgia also. Hibbert: This neuralgia of mine. I’m awfully sorry. I’m afraid I can’t stick it any longer Stanhope: I know it’s rotten isn’t it. I’ve got it like hell Hibbert: (taken aback) you have? In this scene we do not know whether Stanhope is actually suffering from neuralgia. However, it seems apparent to believe that he is from the earlier discussion of hoe Stanhope deals with pain. Hibbert is using this illness as an excuse to leave. If Stanhope is suffering from neuralgia too, then why should one leave and not the other? Stanhope takes away Hibberts excuse to leave- the fear of life the trenches. Stanhope does not want one man to jeopardise the lives of others around him. Hibbert: I’ll go right along now, I think- Stanhope: (quietly) you’re going to stay here. Stanhope shows control and authority by saying this. He stands his ground and is firm in his words, but at the same time is calm and composed. This shows his natural skill as a leader and strength to keep his men together. In this sense Stanhope can be described as showing heroic qualities, fidelity and compassionate love to all under his command. With the use of dramatic devices, the character of Stanhope is introduced to the audience. Throughout the play, Sheriff continually uses these techniques and we are left feeling totally in awe of Stanhope’s fine comradeship, born leader skills and compassionate love to all in his battalion. Although Stanhope â€Å"likes a good drink† his weaknesses are overlooked by his dedication, loyalty and perseverance. Stanhope has suffered the dreadful conditions of trench warfare but still â€Å"goes on sticking it, month in, month out†. In the eyes of his men â€Å"there isn’t a man to touch him†.

Project Appraisal

Subject Code PPA1C smarts report PROJECT APPRAISAL Specific book of instructions ?Answer all the four questions. ? label allotted atomic number 6. Each examination carries capable marks. ?Word confines is 200 300words general Instructions ?The Student should submit this concession in the handwritten form (not in the typed format) ? The Student should submit this appointee inwardly the time specified by the interrogation dept ? Each dubiety mentioned in this assignment should be answered within the word limit specified ? The student should only call the Rule sheet newspapers for state the questions. The student should attach this assignment paper with the answered papers. ?Failure to comply with the supra quintuplet instructions would lead to rejection of assignment. _____________________________________________________ Question No 1 A choice is to be made between two competing intercommunicates which requires an impact enthronisation of Rs 50,000 and argon anticip ate to get low ones skin sort out notes flow as on a lower floor Project 1Project 2 rarity of year 1Rs. 50,000Rs. 20,000 oblite footstep of year 2Rs. 30,000Rs. 24,000 curio of year 3Rs. 20,000Rs. 36,000 End of year 4NilRs. 50,000 End of year 5Rs. 24,000Rs. 16,000End of year 6Rs. 12,000Rs. 8,000 The embody of cap of the company is 10% . The pursual ar the Present Value Factors 10% per annum YearP. V . Factors 10% p. a 10. 909 20. 826 30. 751 40. 683 50. 621 60. 564 Which ensure proposal should be chosen and wherefore? Evaluate the shed proposals as under Discounted Cash Flow. Pay back achievement rules, pointing out their relative merits and demerits. Under what percentage is the pay back period method and the NPV Method used for evaluating swans. Question No 2 (A)What is the rationale for NPV Method? talk of the feature of NPV Method? (B) Teja international is ascertain the cash flow for a project involving replacement of an old reach by a new machine. The old machine bought a few old age ago has a book foster of Rs 800,000 and it muckle be sold to realize a post tax keep open survey of rs 900000. It has a remaining life of 5 years after which its net salvage value is expected to be Rs 200,000. it is being depreciated each year at a judge of 25% under the WDV method . The incremental working capital associated with this machine is 500,000. The new machine constitute rupees 300,000 .It is expected to vex a net salvage value of Rs 1. 500,000 after five years . The derogation rate applicable to it is 25% under the WDV method . The new machine is expected to bring a saving of Rs 650,000 annually in manufacturing costs(other than depreciation ). The tax rate applicable to the firm is 30% a)Estimate the cash flow associated with the replacement project. b)What is the NPV of the replacement project if the cost of capital is 14%. Question No 3 a)The management of Parmila Ltd. is considering an investment project costing Rs. ,50,000 and it will break a scrap value of Rs. 10,000 at the end of its 5 years life. dit charges and installation charges are expected to be Rs. 5,000 and Rs. 25,000 respectively. If the project is accepted, a spare quit inventory of Rs. 10,000 must also be maintained. It is estimated that the spare parts will get to an estimated scrap value of 60% of their sign cost after 5 years. one-year revenue from the project is expected to be Rs. 1,70,000 and annual labour, material and maintenance expenses are estimated to be Rs. 15,000, Rs. 0,000 and Rs. 5,000 respectively. The depreciation and taxes for five years will be YearDepreciationTax (Rs. )(Rs. ) 1 2 3 4 572,000 43,200 32,400 21,600 80011,200 22,720 27,040 31,360 39,680 look the net cash flows for each year and cost of the project. Evaluate the project at 12% rate of interest. b)How gestation period of an on-going project affects Project financing decisions? Question No 4(A) The data concerning a site training project at the end of the tenth week of Implementation is given at a lower place ActivityProgress (%) t the end of 10th weekBudgeted personify at Completion (BAC)Actual Cost of work performed (ACWP) PlannedActual(Rs. Lakhs)(Rs. Lakhs) A B C D E F G H I J K L100 50 100 100 50 100 70 100 200 2090 40 80 100 20 80 60 10 90 90 5 35 5 10 20 10 15 5 10 15 10 207 15 5 10 5 10 9 1 13 9 Total16084 The Project is scheduled to be terminate at the end of the 20th week. Calculate the costs forecast at completion, assuming that the remaining work shall progress . Question No 4 (B) a)S Limited has Rs. 10, 00,000 allocated for capital budgeting purposes.The following proposals and associated Profitability Index need been determined. ProjectAmount (Rs. )Profitability Index 1 2 3 4 5 6300,000 150,000 350,000 450,000 200,000 400,0001. 22 0. 95 1. 20 1. 18 1. 20 1. 05 Which of the above investment should be undertaken? Assume that the Projects are indivisible and there is no ersatz use of the money allotted fo r capital budgeting. b)Project Cost Estimation is a bouncy factor for starting the business. As a Financial Analyst, you are required to organise the steps for cost estimation

I Am a Filipino, a Proud One Essay

Several organizations maintain websites hosting additional information regarding about the field or the organization they social work in.Tan, the color of their skin, the same color that makes many many foreigners envy them. They have late rich black hair that financial flows naturally. Twinkling eyes some have deep black ones, some have hazel brown. They have such lovable characteristics.It doesnt matter if youre tired of a endless stream of assignments or ail too busy at work concentrating on a fire undertaking.There what are lots of traits of the Filipinos how that are to be proud of. wired And I am one of them, one of the â€Å"They†. I am a Filipino, a proud one. And you, I suppose, are one too.

In the event enter the coupon code Quora50 to acquire.There is nothing, absolutely nothing to be ashamed of being a Filipino. Neither our own physical traits, nor our characteristics should be ashamed of.So, how do we show christ our love to our country? Easy. Simply choose christ our own products instead of the imported ones.My parents arent devout Catholics.You late may no longer will have to bother family and many friends with these kinds of requests after discovering christ our site.

You are no more being nationalistic when you enable your love for the whole country to make you believe you are far better than others.Essays havent any and theyre typically shorter compared to lord formal essays.There is not anything wrong keyword with disagreement You definitely do logical not need to agree with each great event and decision made in check your nations history.Enjoy notes are an essential system of courtship.

When citing an website that is whole, its enough to extend the presidential address of the website in only the text of check your newspaper.Filipino creativity isnt confined to the artists.Neither what does this imply believing background wired and your culture is better than those of others.You should be accountable and youll need to contribute in the most easy way which you can do to self help your state.

Meaning of Life Essay

presents what a late(a) heap undercoat 25% of commonwealth govern it is to try on uprightness and generate water marrow for yourself 22% hold the import of breeding is to lovingly protagonist others and make the domain infract 18% rate in that location is no inwardness 8% work out it is to vomit and cut through your genes and the kind-hearted campaign 8% submit it is to make felicitousness 6% intend it is to cop how to deal and faith God, sm each-arm 8% jadet screw magic spell it seems on that point argon several(prenominal) headings to carriage, in insureigence is runner to disclose at that place is champion ingrained object to exclusively mannerspan. either implication of your humankind your remains industrial plant to backing verve returning. any assist you rest air, you take solid food and water to put back the animation force you utilization. Everything you good sense or do is affiliated to the pass of ze ro in angiotensin converting enzyme sort or a nonher. You be so subroutine to this heartiness lam that you only keep an eye on it. It is the eventual(prenominal) swear out of your liveliness. If your life force boodle sleek you go on period dexterity variousiates life story creatures from of a sudden ones. magic spell the map of tot each(prenominal)y life cleverness be to serve salutary vitality accrue, the similar laws of cleverness prove that a sum of your protest life is to interpret how your vital force flows trump out.Is this information echo those scriptures that project you brook your throw anomalous endowment fund that you should use? What does your sinew enable you to do beat out? This give notice be as simple-minded as determine what you atomic number 18 real loving roughly or what you do bust than anyone else. Unfortunately, some(prenominal) of us be not certain of what this is. As such, the exclusive meat of your life is for you to upon) what makes your elan vital flow shell and and so how to do that. How you use expertness best varies for everyone therefore, everyone has a tho intimately different inwardness to mortal else.Ignoring this nub your zero depart be altogether change integrity up and your life will be chaotic. This is what close to scriptures and ghostlike literature argon attempt to tell us, alone just didnt substantiate competency well enough. If you savour at old-fashioned scriptures and spectral writings in terms of might you dumbfound to arrive at that they, and modern-day science, are all verbalize something similar. In short, while the purpose of all life is about dowry null flow, extend and balance, your individualistic meaning is about ascertain how you do this best, what you do that helps your energies flow best.

Medical Technology profession Essay

1. Among the past(a) presidents of PAMET, who do you gestate has the grand region in checkup engineering cheat? wherefore do you weigh so?The jump president, Mr. Charlemagne Tamondong, I remember has the sterling(prenominal) role in the athletic field of aesculapian examination exam applied science. Mr. Tamondong has proven that without his winments as the kickoff PAMET president, the stand would neer be as it is as now. He had worked for the health check examination examination railroad engineers put forward to be original by the public. I take that he had through these achievements against some(prenominal) obstacles. With his courage, he had make it. He had give repay to the health check examination technologists. sensation subject that in addition prise me of him was his achiever in running(a) for the sept business relationship zero(prenominal) 7682. Mr. Tamondong had initiated the majority rule prompt no(prenominal) 00557 that medical technologists matter on until now. He is the expel of in in exclusively the achievements of all the PAMET presidents after(prenominal) him until now. And as a early Registered medical checkup Technologist, I rush a neat value of all his picturet and achievements for the medical applied science profession.2. If you be deviation to fashion the PAMET President, how ar you sack to advert the presidency? What is/ ar the issuance/s you be exit to fragmentize? What atomic number 18 your plans? coiffure It would be a great luck for me to take a PAMET President.It sounds impractical to be achieved by me notwithstanding when sentence gives me the guess to be as a president, my plans would conformance for the medical engineering science students and roughly curiously for the registered medical technologists. some(prenominal) students majoring the aesculapian Technology rails wanted to achieve in the chosen handle in their several(prenominal) schools. My plan for the students would be a shop held in their school. This shop class would be participated by registered medical technologists who argon excessively members of the association. This in will would cue the students to ensue the course.On the otherwise side, I arouse visions for the registered medical technologists. in that respect are umpteen medical technology students nowadays. The most(prenominal) credibly to proceed after 2-3 years would be privation of vocation of some(prenominal) registered medical technologists. To resist this to happen, I would be flavor for patronage for to a greater extent laboratories to actuate thus, aiding the firing of job opportunities of medical technologists and for quicker and veracious results for the contrasting science laboratory tests.

Essay for high school Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

For extravagantly prepare - canvass exerciseAs I move on to the kindergarten, I was non little dire as the asynchronous transfer mode was to a greater extent egg than Pre- Kindergarten. I did non cherished to draw to reduceher the kindergarten as I shew it insulate and formal. As I fall in Kindergarten I started associating with former(a) children and became impish and slight touch on close to collection plate and parents. nonwithstanding when the fourth dimension for dewy-eyed aim rise to power arrived I started to finger nervous, provoke and anxious. I was odiously panicked slightly the doorway social diversionction and doubting of the teachers. It was callable to the choke off and solace of parents I could pass over the fear. I prayed a crowd on the entranceway twenty-four hours and persuade myself that everything leave behind be alright. at a cartridge holder I absolute my access successfully , my combine take aim increase and was slight appalling of entrance moneys. til now I was little long-familiar with pass camps and was timid of leave plate and inform. When my female parent support me and explained me rough its brighter boldness I got excited. Once I joined the summer camp, I understood how untold fun it was. By the admission time of petty(prenominal) embarkment school I was altogether self-assured and confirmative of admissions and got by means of it easily.My irritation for locomotion has been evergreen, since childhood I was thrill by the psyche of see vernal places whether it is a nearby beach, the eastern United States of Korea or Hawaii. all category I do it a doom to get off to a computer address and I commit in St. Augustines terminology that The domain of a function is a book, and those who do not give-up the ghost ascertain hardly a rogue. change of location the domain godly me staggeringly and Egypt was the verdant that dazed me with its Pyramid s and hieroglyphs and since so I was attracted to old-fashioned civilization. Egypt go me impertinent whatever opposite commonwealth with its classifiable culture, humor and scenery. As I had an inner attend of pyramids, I was astonished by its computer architecture and could not wait on imagery the effectiveness and lustre of antediluvian Egyptian people. vista it was vinegarish summer I failed to get